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• "Anti-Fascist" Legend Falls in Spain
• Fatima & Salazar: The Power of a Contemporary Myth

‘Anti-Fascist’ Legend Falls in Spain

As has been commented upon repeatedly by sundry historians and authors, the Spanish Civil War served as a prelude for World War II, giving the Big Powers and competing ideologies the opportunity to test out their weaponry and tactics. Spain also served as a testing ground for propaganda, and the Franco side has expectedly come off second best, as the Popular Front are still portrayed as noble champions of liberty, regardless of the Masonic-Bolshevist assaults that were perpetrated with the same sadism that had already been manifested in Russia and Hungary.

Like World War I, with the British-US propaganda depictions of Germans bayoneting Belgian babies, and World War II with the Soviet-Allied propaganda which is still being presented to the world as though the war against the Axis remains in full swing, there are several salient propaganda devices deriving from the Spanish tragedy which have endured, one of which has recently been dealt a fatal blow (the other being the legend of the Basque town Guernica, supposedly bombed by German aircraft, but more the victim of Leftist dynamiting, the fires from which the Leftist mayor did not allow the fire brigade from Bilbao to extinguish. See for e.g. the first hand account of British journalist and author, F Yeats Brown, European Jungle, Eyre and Spottiswood, 1939; chapter on Spain available as a reprint from this writer).

The legend that has recently fallen is that of the very famous supposed photograph of the death agonies of a noble knight for democracy (aka a servant of Bolshevism and Masonry), entitled “Falling Militiaman” by Robert Capa.

An Associated Press report describes the photograph as follows:

“Robert Capa’s photograph of a falling Spanish Civil war militiaman became one of the most famous and enduring images of conflict of the 20^th century.

“Now, Spanish researchers who have studied events surrounding the picture believe it was staged.” (Civil war photo ‘a fake’, AP Report, Dominion Post, Wellington, New Zealand, July 25, 2009, B3).

The picture was first published in 1936 in the French magazine Vu and then in Life magazine in the USA. The caption said that the photograph depicted the moment a Republican rifleman was killed.

Interestingly, the AP report states that the location was given as Cerro Muriano on the Cordoba front, where Franco’s forces were fiercely engaging “soldieries loyal to the elected Republican government.” Note that even in this passing reference in the AP report, the legend endures regarding the implied legitimacy of the “elected Republican government” (sic) fighting the illegitimate rebels under Franco. Regardless, the legend continues of Republic heroism against evil fascists, with little or no consideration of the causes of the civil war, of the violence perpetrated by the socialists and communists against Rightist and monarchist parliamentarians, of the cowardly execution of Falangist leader José Antonio Primo de Rivera while imprisoned by the Republic, of the policy of summary executions used by the anarchists, the burning of churches and the shooting of priests, in a re-enactment of the Russian Bolsheviks two decades previously. (Lately there have been ‘revisionist historians’ attempting to lower the estimates for the number of priests and monks killed by the ‘loyalists’. See for e.g. Antony Beevor, The Spanish Civil War 1936-1939-, Penguin, 2001).).

), for Spaniards use, even in every day talks, all their names; and everyone even in today Spain talks about José Antonio.... I would write, for instance: "the cowardly execution of the Falangist leader José Antonio Primo de Rivera, while imprisoned...".

The AP report continues that the location was probably not Cerro Muriano and that the militiaman was probably not shot.  After studying the photograph and new images as part of an exhibition at Barcelona’s art gallery museum, four researchers state the photographs were taken 5 kilometres away in an area where there was no fighting at that time.

‘“It quickly became obvious to us that among the new photographs – 34 attributed to Capa, six to his companion Gerda Taro – there were four that revealed the exact place where Capa had taken the shots,” film maker Raul Riebenbauer said.’ (AP report, ibid.).

Historian Francisco Moreno studied the geographical features of the photograph, including the shape of the hills, the location of two farmhouses and several roads, and identified the location as a hillside east of Espejo township.

The AP report states that “Falling Militiaman” catapulted the career of Capa as the world’s foremost war photographer. Now after over 70 years he can join the sullied ranks of one of the world’s foremost propagandist frauds in the service of the Left.

    "A serious effort of Catholic scholarship." Dr Thomas A Droleskey.

 
Key Words

Portugal, Fatima, Myth, Salazar, New State, Catholic Social Doctrine, Freemasonry, Distributism, Social Credit, C H Douglas, Corporatism, Catholicism, Father Nicholas Gruner, Cardinal Cerejeira, Dollfuss.
 

This essay examines the role of antithetical systems of belief in Portugal, and how the power of myth started by three peasant children at Fatima had the power to transform that country.

‘Myth’ is used in the sense not of the popularly considered ‘lie’, but of a tradition that has formed to define a people, nation or culture, which can have power to change whether for good or ill, regardless of the objective factuality. This essay therefore does not consider the question as to the objective reality of the apparitions of Fatima.
 
Introduction

According to the tradition, in 1916 a being of radiant beauty, with golden hair and cobalt-blue eyes and a body that appeared to be made of light pouring through crystal, identified himself as the Guardian Angel of Portugal. He appeared on three separate occasions to three peasant children: Lucia dos Santos, 9; Francisco Marto, 8; and his sister Jacinta, 6.[1]

 On May 13, 1917 at high noon in the Covada Iria, where they grazed their families’ sheep, the Blessed Virgin appeared to the three children. She appeared five more times to them, promising that on August 13, 1917, she would ‘work a great miracle visible to everyone, so that all may believe.’[2]

Whatever significance one wants to give to this as a religious miracle, it is historical fact that it was a political miracle’ with spiritual/religious implications, for without it Portugal might well have turned Communist, or at the very least suffered an extended Civil War of the type experienced by Spain[3], and the course of history is likely to have been changed in a myriad of possibilities.

It is this miracle, by whatever category one wishes to call it, that set the stage for the assumption to authority by Salazar, and the inauguration of the Portuguese ‘New State’ based on Catholic social doctrine, and having influences further afield.[4]
 
The Masonic Revolution of 1910

In order to understand the background surrounding Fatima and the inauguration of the Salazar regime, the role of Freemasonry must be considered. Sine the 18th Century Freemasonic sects of several types had been fomenting revolutions throughout Europe and Latin America, with the aim of toppling all altars and thrones, and establishing a secular order. France was the first to succumb to such a revolution.[5]

 Freemasonry and the Church have been in conflict since the founding of Masonry.[6]

Socialism was the means by which the Masonic lodges were fomenting revolution. The Church saw in both socialism and capitalism twin materialistic and godless systems, and Catholic social doctrine as explicated in papal encyclicals sought to offer an alternative to both.[7] Under this social doctrine rather than class warfare their would be class cop-operation, usury would be eliminated, and the guilds would be restored as the basis of the social and economic system, which might be seen as the re-sacralisation of work, as it had been seen as a sacred duty in the Medieval period.

From this social doctrine several major movements arose, and particularly gained ground during the Great Depression. In particular Distributism[8] formed as movement under the influence of Catholic social doctrine. Corporatism became a mass movement in many states, as people who wished to retain their faith under the distress of economic conditions, turned to answers other than that of godless socialism.[9][10] Social Credit, the system of banking reform elaborated by Maj. C H Douglas was seen by many Catholics as providing a practical application to the Church’s traditional resistance to usury.[11]
 
Because the Church represented the main obstacle to various secularists, atheists, rationalists, and indeed outright Satanists, Freemasonry and socialism generally worked together against the Catholic states with the strongest faith. France, Italy, Spain and Portugal had been rotted for decades by Masonic propaganda, using humanism, scepticism, and rationalism with the backing of various liberal and leftist movements.[12]
 
As for Portugal, the Masonic character of the revolt against the traditional order in that nation have been remarked upon by the Masons themselves: In a website specialising in Masonic history, W. Bro. Don Falconer approvingly cites a source as stating that, “the work of the Portuguese revolution was due to freemasonry, uniquely an exclusively.”[13]

Falconer continues that with the proclamation of the Republic, the first provisional government was led by Teofilo Braga, with Antonio Jose de Almeida as interior Minister, and Alfonso Coasta as Minister of Justice, “all of whom were Masons.”[14]

In the Parliament more than half the MPs were Masons, in the Government of 1910-1911 50% of the ministers were Masons, with the same proportion for the subsequent Governments until 1926, according to this definitive Masonic source.[15]

 With the establishment of what was really a coup by lodges within the military the new government was immediately preoccupied with an anti-religious policy, which was considered of greater priority than the distressed economy. On October 10, five days after the inauguration of the Republic, the Government decreed that all convents, monasteries, and religious orders were to be suppressed. All foreign religious workers were expelled and their goods were confiscated. The Jesuits were forced to forfeit their Portuguese citizenship. Anti-Catholic laws and decrees followed in quick succession. In November decrees were passed suppressing religious instruction in schools and prohibiting the wearing of the cassock. The ringing of church bells and times of worship were restricted. The public celebration of religious feasts was suppressed. These laws culminated in the law of Separation of Church and State, passed on April 20, 1911.

Alfonso Costa, the author of these laws, declared: “Thanks to this law of separation, in two generations Catholicism will be completely eliminated in Portugal.” The faithful remained faithful to their Bishops, resulting in the exile of the majority of Bishops and the imprisonment of many priests.[16]

 Fatima Children Kidnapped

1917 was the year of the undoing of the Masonic revolution.

 The Fatima visions had been occurring since May with the promise that the miracle foretold for August 13 would convert even the most sceptical. When smears and ridicule could not dissuade the masses of pilgrims who travelled great distances to see the children commune with Mary, the press claimed the priests were deceiving the people in order to extract money. The press urged the local authorities to intervene.
 
The Administrator of the district was Artur de Oliveira Santos, aka The Tinsmith, a Freemason with tyrannical powers which he used to impose restrictions on the Church at whim.[17]

On August 10 the fathers of the three children received an order to appear with their children the following day at Vila Nova de Ourem. It was a 9 mile journey and Manuel Marto refused to have his two children appear at court so he went alone. Antonio dos Santos however was determined that his daughter Lucy, answer for herself. The Tinsmith was furious at the absence of Francisco and Jacinta.[18]

Lucy recalling here experiences before The Tinsmith, wrote:

“At the Administration office, I was interrogated by the Administrator, in the presence of my father, my uncle, and several other gentlemen who were strangers to me. The Administrator was determined to force me to reveal the Secret and to promise him never again to return to the Cova da Iria. To attain his end, he spared neither promises, nor even threats. Seeing that he was getting nowhere, he dismissed me, protesting however that he would achieve his end, even if this meant that he had to take my life.”[19]

 On August 12 the great pilgrimage began to arrive at Cova da Iria to await the promised apparition the next day. On the morning of August 13, The Tinsmith arrived at the Marto home to see the children. He persuaded the children’s’ father that he wanted to attend the miracle with them, and together they first went to see the village priest. After being questioned The Tinsmith got the children into his carriage, which at first made for the Cova da Iria, but suddenly turned and hurried in the opposite direction. The Administrator attempted to calm the children by saying they were first going to meet the priest at Ourem. The Administrator took the children to his house, believing that if they were kept from Cova da Iria the Fatima miracle would come to nothing.

Here they were locked up and told that they would not be released until they revealed the Secret of Fatima. While well treated by The Tinsmith’s wife the next day they underwent nine interrogations, but they remained steadfast.[20]

The Tinsmith did not succeed in breaking down the children’s; testimonies of the apparitions. He called a doctor, aiming to have the children declared to be suffering from hallucinations and hysteria. The doctor’s conclusions were never published, itself obviously significant.[21]

The children were then imprisoned in a jail full of criminals. They were interrogated separately and threatened with boiling oil. A cauldron of oil was heated in their presence. A prisoner tried to persuade Jacinto to give in to avoid her fate. She replied that she would rather die.[22]

Jacinta was led away first. The Tinsmith returned to tell the other two children that she had been killed. He did the same with the other children, both believing the other had been killed, yet they remained steadfast. On the morning of August 15, after a final interrogation, The Tinsmith gave up, and the three were returned to Fatima.[23]

Among the 70,000 who flocked to Fatima were many sceptics, intellectuals and atheists. It had rained all morning, and the Cova became a sea of mud and water, the people soaked and chilled. At precisely the solar noon the dark clouds parted, and where the sun would normally stand was an ‘iridescent ball’ or a ‘silvery disc’ as some descriptions have it. Contemporary accounts, including articles in the sceptics’ press relate that the disc revolved with the prism of the rainbow emanating rays off in succession, and swept down the Cova, colouring both landscape and people. The ‘sun’ stopped awhile then wandered about the sky. The disc suddenly stopped as though to crash to earth, but lingered above the heads of the multitude, causing panic, then returned to it place in the sky and to the normal state of the sun. The hitherto drenched multitude then realised that their clothes had become suddenly dry. [24]

However, while the miracle of the sun was promised to return even sceptics to the faith at a time when Masonry and atheism seemed to have the upper had, the apparition of Mary also gave children a message in three parts, the exact and complete contents having remained open to heated dispute. This so-called Third Secret of Fatima[25] is not however what this essay is dealing with.
 
Of the political aspects the children were told that Russia would spread its errors (communism) throughout the world. To prevent the triumph of communism all the bishops of the world were instructed at one time and place to consecrate Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, and all Russia would convert to Catholicism. The world wars and revolutions that did subsequently take place would be prevented. [26]

 Masons attempt to Destroy Fatima Cult

By 1921 Fatima had become the focus of Catholic revival. The Masonic boast that the Church would be wiped out in two generations had been reversed. The Government sent the army to Fatima to try and deny entry to the Cova da Iria. To provide for the many pilgrims the Bishop of Leira-Fatima authorised a well to be dug. Despite the dry and rocky terrain water sprung up and was said to have curative powers. This increased the power of Fatima, and the determination of the Government to wipe it out.[27]

 On March 6, 1922 the Capelinha, the little chapel built on the site of the apparitions, was dynamited. Only the walls of the chapel remained, but the statue of Our Lady of Fatima had been removed the night before and had been saved.[28]

Those responsible for the demolition had placed explosives at four points of the chapel. A fifth, placed on the trunk of the tree on which the apparition of Mary had appeared, had not exploded.

Nobody was arrested for the destruction of the chapel. The parish priest led a protest, after which a Mass was celebrate before 10,000 faithful. Again the Masons had failed to crush the spirit of Fatima.[29]
 
Army Intervention

On May 28, 1926 a coup d’Etat headed by army officers overthrew the 1910 regime. A military regime was established under General Gomes da Costa.

 The army had intervened to establish order after a regime that had since 1910 seen 45 governments. There had been continual strikes and violet clashes between republicans and monarchists.

A Masonic officer, Gen. Carmona, assumed the presidency in 1928. However mass dissatisfaction remained and there was a call for more determined action.

In 1931 the Bishops of Portugal consecrated that nation in the name of Mary, on May 13, the anniversary of the apparitions.[30]

The ‘miracle’[31] of Fatima rallied 300,000 faithful for the consecration that was to save Portugal from the communist revolutions sweeping Europe. Without this it seems even from a secular viewpoint that Portugal would have succumbed to civil war in the same manner as Spain.

 The Fatima Network, under the direction of Father Nicholas Gruner, states that the Fatima consecration resulted in a three-fold miracle:

   1. There was a massive resurgence of the Catholic Faith in a nation for years ruled by Masonic secularism and atheism. The number of the faithful quadrupled over the course of ten years. [32]  In 1942 the bishops of Portugal declared in a collective Pastoral Letter:

"Anybody who would have closed his eyes twenty-five years ago and opened them now would no longer recognize Portugal, so vast is the transformation worked by the modest and invisible factor of the apparition of the Blessed Virgin at Fatima. Really, Our Lady wishes to save Portugal."[33]

   2. “There was a miracle of political and social reform, in accordance with Catholic social principles. Shortly after the 1931 Consecration, a Catholic leader in Portugal ascended to power, Antonio Salazar, who inaugurated a Catholic, counter-revolutionary program. He strove to create, as much as possible, a Catholic social order wherein the laws of government and social institutions harmonize with the law of Christ, His Gospel and His Church. A fierce adversary of socialism and liberalism, he was opposed to "everything which diminishes or dissolves the family.”[34]
   3. Portugal was spared both communist civil war, then raging in neighbouring Spain, and the ravages of World War II, with Salazar maintaining a neutral policy.[35]

Prof. Antonio Salazar was appointed finance Minister in 1928 in a new executive headed by Col. Valente de Freitas. Salazar accepted the appointment on condition that he would have the control of the budgets of all ministries[36]. The success of his policies resulted in Salazar becoming Prime Minister in July 1932[37]. The call of a gifted man to authority, inspired by Catholic social doctrine, parallels that of another gifted scholar, Dollfuss called to Chancellorship of Austria that very year, just two months previously.[38]

In 1938 a further consecration took place to Mary in gratitude for having spared Portugal from the civil war that had begun in Spain in 1936. In the 1938 consecration, Cardinal Cerejeira declared:

“Since Our Lady of Fatima appeared in 1917 ... A special blessing of God has descended upon the land of Portugal ... especially if we review the two years which have gone since our vow, one cannot fail to recognize that the invisible hand of God has protected Portugal, sparing it the scourge of war and the leprosy of atheistic communism.”[39]
 
Fatima and Salazar’s ‘New State”

With the role of the Church in education and public morality restored, Cardinal Cerejeira declared in 1940: “Honour and glory to the New State which institutes a new order based on the peace and harmony of the Church and State.”

            A sense of the mystical now pervaded the population where once the Masons, liberals and socialists had pushed their atheism and secularism. Arnaud de Lassus writes of the religious upsurge, alluded to above that,

“- Between 1917 and 1933 the number of seminarists rose from 18 to 201 in the diocese of Portalegre, and in the small diocese of Leiria (in which the seminary had been closed up to 1917) from 0 to 75.

“- From 1933 to 1964 the number of secular priests increased by an average of 25%.

“- Male religious had been expelled by the revolution of 1910; they remained legally forbidden until 1926; in 1934 they counted 370, and had risen to 1321 in 1941. The number of women religious showed a similar upward trend.

“This rise in the number of secular clergy and religious was accompanied by what Cardinal Cerejeira called an "admirable and prodigious renewal of religious life in souls" (in his Pastoral Letter for the Jubilee of the Apparitions in 1942). “[40]

 Salazar received for his efforts praise and blessings from Pope Pius XII who said:

“I bless him with all my heart, and I cherish the most ardent desire that he may be able to complete successfully his work of national restoration, both spiritual and material.”[41]

 As for the ‘material work of national restoration’, Salazar like Dollfuss in Austria[42], set about reorganising Portuguese social and economic structures on the basis of Catholic Social Doctrine and the papal encyclicals.[43]

In outlining the fundamentals of the ‘New State’ Egerton lists these and expounds upon each one at length[44]:

 First, truth, the people must be kept fully informed by the state.

Second, sacrifice, repudiating the old regime where only rights were recognised and not ‘corresponding duties’.

 Third, national interests above individualist and selfish interests.  This meant that the nation would not be divided by petty, selfish interests, whether economic or party political; where democracy was a facade  “buttressed by the activities of secret societies which sought to exercise completely uncontrolled dictatorship”, as Salazar is quoted as stating.

The fundamental structure of the ‘New State’ was Corporatism, which in English might better be understood as ‘guildism’, as it is important to realise that ‘corporatism’ has nothing in common, is in fact antithetical, to ‘rule by business corporations’.  Dr Thayer Watkins, a professor of economics at San Jose State University provides a succinct definition of ‘corporatism’.

“In the last half of the 19th century people of the working class in Europe were beginning to show interest in the ideas of socialism and syndicalism. Some members of the intelligentsia, particularly the Catholic intelligentsia, decided to formulate an alternative to socialism which would emphasize social justice without the radical solution of the abolition of private property. The result was called Corporatism. The name had nothing to do with the notion of a business corporation except that both words are derived from the Latin word for body, corpus.

“The basic idea of corporatism is that the society and economy of a country should be organized into major interest groups (sometimes called corporations) and representatives of those interest groups settle any problems through negotiation and joint agreement. In contrast to a market economy which operates through competition a corporate economic works through collective bargaining….”[45]

Under the corporative state not only are economic functions based on corporations, but the government itself, local, regional and national. The ‘family household’ in Portugal’s ‘New State’ was the basic unit, which was guaranteed property rights against misfortunate such as foreclosure. The head of the family, whether male or female voted for the membership of the parish councils, from which were drawn local governing bodies in the Corporative Chamber. Legislation passed first through the Corporative Chamber before going before the National Assembly. Article 5 of the Constitution described the Portuguese state as a ‘unitary and corporative republic’. [46]

Masonry Under the New State

Communism and hence Bolshevism are the bastard offspring of Masonry. Marx himself was a Lodge member. Direct and tangible connections have been traced between Marxism and Masonry in the thesis From Knights Templar to New World Order.[47] Marx’s Lodge was Loge des Philadelphes, the same as that of Blanc, Mazinni and Garibaldi. [48]

The role of Masonry in the corruption and subversion of Portugal has been considered in this essay, drawing from Masonic sources that are definitive. That Portugal was spared the anguish that Spain went though I have ascribed to the ‘miracle’ of Fatima, for it should in an objective sense be termed as such considering its focus was that of three peasant children who had such repercussions, whether one believes the apparitions were genuine or not. The mythos shaped the nation and provided the miracle.

 As in Portugal, it was Masonry in Spain that provided the conspiratorial apparatus for subversion, which broke into a civil war in 1936. Franco’s’ English biographer Brian Crozier refers to the Masonic influence in Spanish subversion. The Grand Master of the Grand Orient in Spain, Martinez Barriom, for e.g. entered the Provisional Government in 1931 as a minister, under a Mason Alenjandro Lerroux.  Minister of education was Marcelino Domingo, Assiatnt Great Master of the Spanish Grand Orient. [49] Fatima directly halted the same subversion from destroying Portugal.

 In Portugal in 1927 an unsuccessful coup was staged against the new regime. On October 31 1927 the Masonic council issued a communiqué s9gned by Dr Ramon dela Feria putting forward a plan to resist the military regime.[50]

On April 16 1929 units of the National Guard and the police captured the headquarters of the Grand Orient, the Gremio Lusitano, detaining all who were present. The documents and archives of the lodge were confiscated. [51]

 The Council of the Grand Oriente, chaired by Jose da Costa Pina, decreed that all lodges would now be organised into small cells to minimize the extent of infiltration by government agents. One can recognise here immediately the same strategy used by the communists. On the last day of 1929 Gen. Norton de Matos was elected Grand Master of the Portuguese Grand Orient. In his message to the Masons he urged them to carry on the work of subversion against the state. One year later in the Grand Diet of the Grand Oriente Norton de Matos referred to the situation in Portugal as ‘deteriorating’, and appealed for “an untiring fight against the dictatorship and the urgency for an organised combat to prevent a complete and ultimate reactionary victory.”[52]

 Several lodges seized their activities as the result of the absence of officers and the adverse conditions for Masonry. The period 1931-1935 in particular focused on the ‘New State’s’ fight against the lodges. Lamenting that the effects of individualism and liberalism had been eliminated, the Masonic authority describes the Masonic attitude towards the Catholic state:

 “From the ethical point of view, Salazar adopted the values and moral concepts of the Catholic tradition, with God, Homeland, Family, Authority, Social Harmony, Hierarchy and Morality as core values, which would be enforced under the absolute authority of his system of government.”[53]

It might be noted that while the Masons lamented the inauguration of a state based on traditional values and decry the repression of the lodges, nothing is said of the manner by which Catholics were repressed when the Masons and their allies had the upper hand.

 On January 19 1935 Jose Cabral introduced into the National Assembly a Bill to prohibit membership of secret associations. Before taking office, all public servants would be obliged to swear an oath that they did not belong to any such association. Freemasonry was prohibited under Law 1901 of March 21 1935.[54]

Salazar suffered a stroke in 1968 and was replaced as head of state by Caetano. Salazar died in 1970, and the post-Salazar ‘New State’ endured for only four more years under Caetano before being toppled in a left-wing military coup. At Salazar’s funeral tens of thousands attended giving lie to the media image portraying him as a tyrant.

 Masonic authorities overtly refer to the part played by Masonry in bringing down Caetano and the ‘New State’. They refer to it being worthy to note that Masons were working in embassies and foreign companies to bring pressure on Portugal. As for ‘harmless’ United Grand Lodge Masonry, which is supposed to be antithetical to the Grand Orient and non-political, the same Masonic sources allude to underground Portuguese lodges continuing to operate ‘under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of England’.[55]
 
The ‘New State’ had survived longer than any other such effort to establish a corporate social order based on Catholic doctrine. It is apparent from reliable Masonic sources that Portugal was a focus of subversion by the conspiratorial apparatus of the secret societies that have been functioning since before the French Revolution.[56] Chile played out a similar role, with Allende[57] being a Freemason, who was toppled by the much maligned Pinochet. Given the historical enmity between the Church and Masonry this enmity has often taken on, and also often behind the scenes, dramatic struggles on the world stage, the background of which is commonly barely discernible.

Notes
 [1] The Fatima Network, Circumstances and Dialogue of the 1916 Apparitions,. http://www.fatima.org/essentials/facts/1916appar.asp (accessed 12:10 am, July 9, 2009).

[2] The Fatima Network, Circumstances and Dialogue of the 1917 Apparitions, http://www.fatima.org/essentials/facts/1917appar.asp (accessed 12:15 am, 9 July 2009).

[3] Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939, in which the same forces were in conflict as those in Portugal, as will be explained.

[4] The popular General Vargas, twice elected president (1930-1945, 1951-1954) established Brazil’s ‘New State’ directly after the Portuguese model of Salazar.

[5] Catholic Encyclopaedia, NY, Robert Appleton Company, 1910, Imprimatur. +John M. Farley, Archbishop of New York. Online Edition 2003 by K. Knight. Article: “Masonry”, Vol. IX. This contains an excellent historical overview of revolutionary turmoil fomented by Masonry. See Bolton, Christian Responses to Masonry, Catholic, From Knights Templar to New World Order, 10-13, Paraparaumu, New Zealand, 2006.

[6] Catholic Encyclopaedia, Ibid.., citing encyclicals by 17 Popes condemning Masonry, from Clement XII in 1738 to Leo XIII in 1890.

[7] Pope Leo XIII, Rerum Novarum : Rights and Duties of Capital and Labour, 1891. Pope Pius XI, Quadragesimo Anno, 1930.

[8] Its most well known proponents were the Catholic writers G K Chesterton and Hillaire Belloc, the aim being the wider distribution of property rather than its concentration under both monopoly capitalism and socialism.

[9] For e.g. The Irish Blue Shirts under Gen. O’Duffy, Father Coughlin’s’ National Union for Social Justice in the USA, and Dollfuss’ regime in Austria, among many others of the time.

[10] Hervada, Prof. Javier, The Principles of the Social Doctrine of the Church, http://74.125.155.132/search?q=cache:PzkwV0vrqT8J:www.columbia.edu/cu/augustine/arch/social.html+catholic+social+doctrine+%2B+guilds&cd=4&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=nz (accessed 12:40 am, July 9, 2009.

[11] One of the most successful, missionary and enduring of the Social Credit movements is a specifically Catholic initiative, The Pilgrims of St. Michael, in Quebec, Canada. http://www.michaeljournal.org/home.htm

Father Charles Coughlin, the popular ‘radio priest’ of the Depression era USA, had a social credit type financial policy as part of the platform of his National Union for Social Justice.

[12] Catholic Encyclopaedia, 1910, op.cit. Bolton op.cit., 10-13.

[13] Pietre-Stones Review of Freemasonry : The Review of Freemasonry by Freemasons for Freemasons, freemasons-freemasonry.com). A Shortened History of Freemasonry in Portugal, English version by the author revisited by W. Bro. Don Falconer.

[14] Ibid.

[15] Ibid.

[16] The Fatima Network, Historical Context of Portugal, http://fatima.org/essentials/facts/histcontext.asp ()accessed 12:45 am, July 9, 2009). I have been unable to authoritatively ascertain whether Artur de Oliveira Santos was a Mason, however given the general environment of the time, it seems more plausible than not.

[17] The Seers Kidnapped, The Fatima Network, http://www.fatima.org/essentials/opposed/seerkidn.asp

[18] Ibid.

[19] Frère Michel de la Sainte Trinité, The Whole Truth About Fatima, Volume I: Science and the Facts, 218, Immaculate Heart Publications, Buffalo, New York, 1989.

[20] The Seers Kidnapped, op.cit.

[21] Ibid.

[22] Ibid.

[23] Ibid., citing Frère Michel de la Sainte Trinité, op.cit.

[24] Garrett, Professor Almeida,  Novos Documentos de Fatima (Loyala editions, San Paulo, 1984), cited by the Fatima Network, The Miracle of the Sun, http://www.fatima.org/essentials/facts/miracle.asp (accessed 12:55 am, July 9, 2009).

[25] The Fatima Network, The Third Secret, http://www.fatima.org/thirdsecret/ (accessed 5:20pm, July 9, 2009).

[26] The Fatima Network, The Consecration of Russia, http://www.fatima.org/essentials/facts/consecra.asp (accessed 12:55 am, July 9, 2009).

[27] The Fatima Network, Fatima Combated in Portugal, http://www.fatima.org/essentials/opposed/combatinport.asp (accessed 12:60 am. July 9, 2009).

[28] Ibid.

[29] Ibid.

[30] The Fatima Network, The Consecrations of Portugal (1931, 1938) and their benefits, http://www.fatima.org/essentials/facts/consecraport.asp (accessed 10:30 am, July 9, 2009).

[31] Whether in a supernatural sense, or a strictly practical, political sense.

[32][32] The Consecrations of Portugal, op. cit.

[33] Collective Pastoral Letter for the Jubilee of the Apparitions in 1942, Merv. XX’s, p. 338.

[34] The Consecrations of Portugal, op. cit.

[35] Ibid.

[36] Egerton , F.C.C., Salazar – Rebuild of Portugal, 113, London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1943.

[37] Ibid., 185.

[38] Messner, Fr. Johannes, Dollfuss – An Austrian Patriot, Gates of Vienna books, Norfolk, Va., 2004.

[39] The Consecrations of Portugal, op. cit.

[40] Lassus Arnaud de, Global and Political Ramifications of Fatima, Conversion of Godless Portugal, A Foreshadowing of Russia’s Future Conversion, The Fatima Network, http://www.fatimacrusader.com/cr25/cr25pg10.asp (accessed 11:00 am, July 9, 2009).

[41] The Fatima Network, http://74.125.155.132/search?q=cache:IIh0E3qsi8oJ:www.fatima.org/essentials/facts/consecraport.asp+Pope+pius+XII+%2B+salazar&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=nz   Citing The Whole Truth About Fatima, Vol. II, p. 412. (accessed 1:20 pm, July 9, 2009.

[42] Messner, op.cit., 96-132.

[43] Pope Leo XIII, Rerum Novarum , Pope Pius XI, Quadragesimo Anno, 1930, op.cit.

[44] Egerton, op.cit., 158-159.

[45] Watkins, Dr Thayer, The Economic System of Corporatism, http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/corporatism.htm (accessed 2:00 pm, July 9, 2009).

[46] Egerton, op.cit. 202.

[47] Bolton, 2006, op.cit.

[48] Bolton, ibid. 66-67.

[49] Crozier, Brain, Franco A Biographical History, 110-111, London, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1967. Crozier is however dismissive of ‘right-wing conspiracy theories’ that hold Masonry responsible for the Spanish tragedy in entirety. (Footnote p. 150). However as I have shown elsewhere, one does not need an intricate an pervasive conspiracy to set in motion the ideological groundwork that can take on a momentum of its own, any more than the three children who saw the Fatima apparitions created a ‘conspiracy’ when establishing the mythos that gave birth to the ‘New State’ and destroyed the anti-Christian regime.  Bolton, 2006.

[50] This information is drawn from a comprehensive history of freemasonry in Portugal, Pietre Stones Review of Freemasonry, a site run by Masonic scholars. The information regarding Portugal can be found at : Brief History of Freemasonry In Portugal, http://www.freemasons-freemasonry.com/arnaldoGeng.html (accessed 2:30 pm, July 9, 2009).

[51] Ibid.

[52] Ibid.

[53] Ibid.

[54] Ibid.

[55] Ibid.

[56] Bolton, 2006.

[57] Allende was founder of the Socialist Party in 1933, and president of Chile in 1970. His grandfather was a past Grand Master Ramon Allende Padin, while Salvador Allende remained an ‘active freemason’. Grand Lodge of British Columbia & the Yukon, Salavador Allende, http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/allende_s/allende_s.html (accessed 3:00 pm, July 9 2009).